Fusion Rollup

Audience: Smart-contract developers; anyone moving value through the Fusion Rollup. Reading time: ~15 minutes. Prerequisites: Familiarity with EVM-style chains. You'll learn: What makes Fusion a multi-ledger rollup, the four core rollup services, how to connect to Fusion Rollup, and the deposit / cross-domain-message / withdrawal lifecycles.

Fusion is the world's first multi-ledger rollup, what we call Layer 2.5 because where a conventional Layer 2 rolls up transactions from a single DLT network, Fusion derives its state from N DLT networks simultaneously, creating one EVM-compatible execution environment that spans multiple chains. A single contract deployed on Fusion can receive deposits from, settle to, and exchange cross-chain messages with any of the connected DLT networks.

8.1 What is Fusion

Fusion is a multi-ledger rollup: one EVM execution environment whose state derives from N connected DLT networks. The full service-level breakdown is in section 8.2 Architecture.

What is a rollup?

A rollup bundles many transactions off-chain and posts them in compressed form traditionally to one connected DLT network (blockchain). The benefits of that pattern are well-known:

• Faster processing than running each transaction directly on the blockchain.
• Lower fees than transactions on the connected chain.
• Trust-minimised withdrawals, funds are released back on the connected chain against a cryptographic proof of the Rollup state, not a custodian's say-so.

Multi-ledger by design

Most institutional use cases need to coordinate value across more than one chain. The conventional answer is bridges, independent third-party contracts that move tokens between L1s. Bridges carry well-known risks: lock-and-mint mismatches, custodian compromise, oracle failure.

Fusion takes a different approach. Instead of bridging between DLT networks, it derives a single state from all of them. From a developer's perspective:

• One smart-contract deployment on the Fusion Rollup receives traffic originating from any connected blockchain.
• Cross-chain messaging is a native primitive, not a third-party bridge.
• Settlement happens to all connected blockchains, state roots are posted to each, so any can verify the Rollup's history.

We chose an optimistic rollup over a ZK rollup specifically because ZK validity proofs would have to be posted to every connected DLT network, making data-availability costs scale linearly with the number of connected blockchains. The Fusion rollups can post transaction data to a single permissioned chain and only state roots to the others, keeping costs flat as more DLT networks are connected.

Why Fusion matters

Three properties make Fusion a fit for institutional and regulated multi-chain workloads:

• Built for institutions. Supports both public and permissioned DLTs side by side, with the Overledger Firewall tunable per deployment, locked-down on mainnet, permissive on testnet, fully configurable on private Firewall deployments.
• Non-custodial. Assets remain in the holder's control throughout: deposits and withdrawals are signed by the user's own keys, the deposit contracts on each connected DLT network are audited, and no relayer or custodian holds funds in the middle of the flow.
• Ends blockchain silos. A single contract on Fusion can receive, route, and settle activity that originates on any connected DLT network, without the user having to think about which chain the value started on.

What you can do with Fusion

Four interoperability primitives cover everything from value movement to cross-chain smart-contract invocation:

8.2 Architecture

Fusion is built on the standard OP Stack architecture, organised into four core rollup services and a set of on-chain contracts on every connected DLT network. The four services map one-to-one to the boxes inside the FUSION ROLLUP container in the diagram above:

Each block on Fusion Rollup has an origin, the specific block on a connected DLT network whose deposits and messages were ingested. The origin rotates across connected networks in a deterministic order so every chain gets equal attention.

8.3 Networks & chain IDs

Connected DLT networks on testnet launch are: Ethereum Sepolia, Polygon Amoy, Quant's permissioned Besu testnet. The full live list comes from GET /networks/fusion.

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Info, About the permissioned Besu chain

It is a private permissioned network (per the networks taxonomy) and is reachable only by the Fusion off-chain services and by clients who have been granted access.

8.4 Connecting to Fusion Rollup

Use any EVM tool. Point it at Quant's url. The Gateway authenticates by API key, either embedded in the URL path or in the Authorization header, applies the Overledger Firewall (the off-chain elements first, then the Fusion Firewall sub-component), and forwards the request to the rollup's Execution Service.

Supported JSON-RPC methods

All standard read methods (eth_*, net_*, web3_*) and the standard write methods (eth_sendRawTransaction, eth_call, eth_estimateGas). Administrative methods (personal_*, admin_*, txpool_*) are blocked. Calling a blocked method returns HTTP 403 with a StandardError body.

8.5 Token deposits

Deposits move tokens from a connected DLT network into the Fusion Rollup. The flow:

1. Approve the deposit contract on the connected DLT network to spend the token.
2. Call depositERC20 (or depositTransaction for the native token of the chain - if whitelisted).
3. The deposit is included in an Fusion Rollup block whose origin includes the connected DLT network block containing your deposit.
4. Once the Fusion Rollup block is safe (the relevant connected DLT network block has finalized), the deposit is final and your Fusion Rollup balance reflects it.

Typical timing:

• Ethereum → Fusion Rollup: ~20 minutes (Ethereum finality is the bottleneck).
• Polygon → Fusion Rollup: ~3 minutes (Polygon has a shorter finality).
• Permissioned Besu → Fusion Rollup: ~1 minute.

Multi-chain unified tokens

Many assets exist as distinct ERC-20 contracts on multiple DLT networks, USDC on Ethereum, USDC on Polygon, USDC on Avalanche, and so on, even though they represent the same underlying value. On a typical bridge, those map to three different wrapped tokens, and an application has to handle each version separately.

Fusion can map several token contracts to a single rollup-side ERC-20, so deposits from any of those source chains land in one unified balance. The mapping is configured per-asset in the TokenWhitelist contract. For example:

Withdrawals are similarly flexible, a unified rollup balance can be withdrawn back to any of the source L1s for which the user is allowlisted, regardless of which DLT network the deposit originated on. This is what powers the "Unify" primitive in section 8.1.

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Info, Per-deployment mappings

Which assets are unified, and which mappings each rollup deployment exposes, is environment-specific. The authoritative list comes from GET /networks/fusion (the rollup's tokens array shows the DLT network→rollup mappings per asset).

8.6 Cross-chain messages

Cross-chain messages let a sender on a connected DLT network, either an end-user transaction (EOA) or a smart contract calling the cross-domain messenger programmatically, trigger a function call on a Fusion Rollup smart contract, and vice versa. They are a native primitive of the OP Stack, extended on Fusion to anchor across all connected DLT networks rather than a single one.

A single contract deployed on the Fusion Rollup can therefore receive messages from any of the connected DLT networks, Ethereum, Polygon, the permissioned Besu chain, and any other DLT network wired into the Rollup, and can dispatch messages back out to any of them. The sender on the connected DLT network side can be a transaction or another smart contract; the Rollup contract treats both the same. The recipient Rollup contract controls which L1 sender addresses are allowed to call it via the WhitelistCrossDomainMessage contract.

Inbound, any connected DLT network → Rollup. The sender calls sendMessage on the cross-domain messenger contract of whichever DLT network they are on. The message is delivered on the next Rollup block whose origin contains the block which included the send. Latency matches a deposit from that DLT network, see the timings in 8.5.

Outbound, Rollup → any connected L1. A Rollup contract calls sendMessage on the Rollup's cross-domain messenger, targeting a specific connected DLT network. The message becomes claimable on the destination DLT network only after the Rollup state root containing it is finalized on that DLT network, see 8.7 for the dispute-window mechanics.

End-to-end walkthroughs in tutorial 10.4.

8.7 Token withdrawals

Five phases: initiate, wait for state root, prove, dispute window, finalize. The dispute window is the load-bearing security property.

Withdrawals move tokens from Fusion Rollup back to a connected DLT network. Because Fusion is an optimistic rollup, a withdrawal is not immediately final, there is a dispute window during which a challenger can prove the Fusion Rollup state root invalid.

The flow has three phases:

1. Initiate, call initiateWithdrawal on the Fusion Rollup withdrawal smart contract. Cheap, fast, happens immediately on Fusion Rollup (note that this function can also be called indirectly by placing a cross chain message on one of the connected DLT networks).
2. Prove, once the Fusion Rollup state root containing your withdrawal is posted to the destination DLT network, submit a proof on that network referencing it. The dispute window starts.
3. Finalize, after the dispute window elapses with no successful challenge, call finalizeWithdrawal on the destination network to release the funds.

If a challenger successfully disputes the state root during the window, all withdrawals proven against that state root are invalidated and must be re-proven against a corrected root. The challenge game logic lives in the Dispute Resolution Services.